{"id":4984,"date":"2022-08-01T13:14:37","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T11:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/observatoire-asap.org\/?p=4984"},"modified":"2022-08-01T13:22:01","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T11:22:01","slug":"le-retour-de-la-croissance-economique-au-liban-un-reve-encore-inaccessible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/observatoire-asap.org\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/le-retour-de-la-croissance-economique-au-liban-un-reve-encore-inaccessible\/","title":{"rendered":"Le retour de la croissance \u00e9conomique au Liban : un r\u00eave encore inaccessible ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le Liban, on le sait, est un pays qui est connu pour ses instabilit\u00e9s tant politiques qu\u2019\u00e9conomiques ainsi que pour son niveau de corruption qui gangr\u00e8ne des pans entiers de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Ceci est encore plus vrai depuis novembre 2019, date sonnant le glas d\u2019une crise politique suivie d\u2019une crise \u00e9conomique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec la d\u00e9valuation vertigineuse de la livre libanaise par rapport au dollar, plongeant le pays dans une r\u00e9cession et une hyper-inflation. Ce pays, d\u00e9j\u00e0 marqu\u00e9 jadis par une guerre civile d\u00e9vastatrice de 15 ans (1975-1990), suivie par d\u2019autres conflits et instabilit\u00e9s politiques, semble avoir les plus grandes difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 retrouver une croissance \u00e9conomique forte et durable. Il faut dire que les fluctuations de son PIB sont consid\u00e9rablement importantes sur la p\u00e9riode 1970-2021 (pour laquelle on dispose de statistiques fiables) et en particulier pendant la guerre civile durant laquelle le taux de croissance du PIB a affich\u00e9 des valeurs anormales oscillant, d\u2019une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019autre, entre une baisse de 84% et une hausse de 64%. Cette volatilit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution du PIB (en niveau et en taux de croissance) ne se retrouve pas dans les autres pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s ainsi que dans la plupart des pays de la r\u00e9gion du Moyen-Orient sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode. En effet, le Liban est l\u2019un des pays qui pr\u00e9sente les plus fortes fluctuations du PIB et les \u00e9tudes concernant ces derni\u00e8res sont relativement rares relativement \u00e0 celles qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9es dans les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s (Ferrara, 2008 et 2009) ainsi que dans d\u2019autres pays en d\u00e9veloppement (Fathi, 2009, Odia Ndongoand et Francis, 2007, Holfmaister et Rold\u00f4s, 2001). N\u00e9anmoins, il existe certaines \u00e9tudes sur le Liban (Verne, 2016) prenant en compte la non-lin\u00e9arit\u00e9 et les \u00e9ventuelles asym\u00e9tries dans l&rsquo;\u00e9volution cyclique de la croissance du PIB. La non-lin\u00e9arit\u00e9 et les asym\u00e9tries sont appr\u00e9hend\u00e9es par l&rsquo;analyse du passage d&rsquo;un r\u00e9gime de croissance \u00e0 un r\u00e9gime de r\u00e9cession ou vice-versa. Pour analyser ces \u00e9volutions asym\u00e9triques de l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie libanaise et le comportement dynamique de la croissance du PIB, le mod\u00e8le d\u2019espace-\u00e9tat, dit encore processus de Markov, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1912559\"><strong>Hamilton (1989)<\/strong><\/a> est souvent utilis\u00e9. Ce dernier permet d\u2019appr\u00e9hender les caract\u00e9ristiques du passage d\u2019un r\u00e9gime (croissance ou r\u00e9cession) \u00e0 l\u2019autre. D\u2019apr\u00e8s nos \u00e9tudes (Verne, 2021), les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019un tel mod\u00e8le restent quelque peu pr\u00e9occupants. En effet, m\u00eame si, sur la p\u00e9riode \u00e9tudi\u00e9e, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-d-economie-politique-2016-6-page-1077.htm\"><strong>l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie libanaise<\/strong><\/a> affiche une dur\u00e9e de croissance \u00e9conomique relativement plus longue que celle caract\u00e9risant la phase de r\u00e9cession et que la diaspora libanaise permet au Liban de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&rsquo;importants flux financiers, il n\u2019en demeure pas moins que l\u2019\u00e9conomie de ce pays connait de grandes difficult\u00e9s (seulement 16 % de chance) \u00e0 passer d&rsquo;un r\u00e9gime de r\u00e9cession \u00e0 un r\u00e9gime de croissance. En outre, lorsque l\u2019\u00e9conomie du pays est en r\u00e9cession, comme c\u2019est le cas \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle et depuis bient\u00f4t trois ans, il y a 84% de chance que l\u2019\u00e9conomie reste dans la phase de r\u00e9cession la p\u00e9riode suivante. Autant dire que, pour les mois et ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir, le retour d\u2019une croissance \u00e9conomique durable au Liban reste encore un r\u00eave inaccessible sauf si les autorit\u00e9s politiques et \u00e9conomiques luttent efficacement contre la corruption, \u00e9rig\u00e9e en syst\u00e8me, et permettent ainsi l\u2019afflux de l\u2019aide financi\u00e8re internationale remettant ainsi le pays sur les rails de la croissance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/observatoire-asap.org\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/jean-francois-verne\/\">Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Verne<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bibliographie<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Fathi E. (2009). \u00ab\u00a0D\u00e9crire le cycle \u00e9conomique en Tunisie\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Economie et Pr\u00e9vision<\/em>, No 189, 3, 75-92.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ferrara L. (2008). <em>L\u2019apport de indicateurs de retournement cyclique \u00e0 l\u2019analyse conjoncturelle<\/em>, Bulletin de la Banque de France, No 171.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ferrara L. (2009). \u00ab\u00a0Caract\u00e9risation et datation des cycles \u00e9conomiques en zone euro\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Revue Economique<\/em>, Vol 60, No 3, 703-712.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hamilton J.D. (1989). \u201c<em>A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle\u201d,<\/em> <strong><em>Econometrica<\/em><\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> 57, 357-384.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hoffmaister A.W; Rold\u00f4s J.E. (2001). \u201cThe Source of Macroeconomics Fluctuations in Developing Countries: Brazil and Korea\u201d, <em>Journal of Macroeconomics<\/em>, 23, Spring, 213-239.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Verne J-F. (2016). \u00ab\u00a0Instabilit\u00e9s politiques, guerre et croissance \u00e9conomique\u00a0: le cas du Liban et des pays du Moyen-Orient\u00a0\u00bb, <em>Revue d\u2019Economie Politique<\/em>, Vol 126, No 6, novembre-d\u00e9cembre pp. 1077-1103.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Verne J-F. (2021). <strong>\u201c<\/strong>Smooth Threshold Autoregressive models and Markov process: An application to the Lebanese GDP growth rate\u201d, <em>International Econometric Review<\/em>, Vol. 13, Issue 3, pp. 71-88.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le Liban, on le sait, est un pays qui est connu pour ses instabilit\u00e9s tant politiques qu\u2019\u00e9conomiques ainsi que pour son niveau de corruption qui gangr\u00e8ne des pans entiers de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Ceci est encore plus vrai depuis novembre 2019, date sonnant le glas d\u2019une crise politique suivie d\u2019une crise \u00e9conomique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avec la &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4985,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le retour de la croissance \u00e9conomique au Liban : un r\u00eave encore inaccessible ? -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/observatoire-asap.org\/index.php\/2022\/08\/01\/le-retour-de-la-croissance-economique-au-liban-un-reve-encore-inaccessible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le retour de la croissance \u00e9conomique au Liban : un r\u00eave encore inaccessible ? -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Liban, on le sait, est un pays qui est connu pour ses instabilit\u00e9s tant politiques qu\u2019\u00e9conomiques ainsi que pour son niveau de corruption qui gangr\u00e8ne des pans entiers de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. 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